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RoadmapAuthor(s): US Department of Energy
Published: 2008
Publisher: US Department of Energy
This report was prepared by DOE in a joint effort with industry, government, and the nation’s national laboratories (primarily the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). The report considers some associated challenges, estimates the impacts, and discusses specific needs and outcomes in the areas of technology, manufacturing and employment, transmission and grid integration, markets, siting strategies, and potential environmental effects associated with a 20% Wind Scenario.
Author(s): Infield, D.G.
Published: 2007
Publisher: UKERC
This document provides a road map for Photovoltaics (PV) research in the UK. It covers PV materials, cell and module design and manufacture and applications including BOS components. It is specific to the UK and reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the research base in the UK, although it is compatible with the roadmaps of other countries, particularly the one recently developed for the European Community. Its primary aim is to identify priority areas for UK PV research and assist the research funding agencies, particularly EPSRC, DTI and the Carbon Trust, in developing their research programmes, but it also considers the need to develop UK capacity, both in terms of expertise and research facilities.
Research cannot take place in a commercial vacuum, and although not its primary function, the road map will outline the context for PV research in the UK. The potential for market growth in the UK and more widely is outlined and the need for market stimulation in the UK discussed.
The road map reflects the outcomes of a two day PV road mapping exercise, organised by the UKERC Meeting Place, that took place in Edinburgh in July 2006, together with inputs from a number of the attendees over the following weeks and subsequently contributions from the wider researcher community in response to an initial draft. The road map has also been subject to international peer review, and we indebted to these reviewers for their input.
Author(s): Department for International Trade
Published: 2022
Publisher: Department for International Trade
Carbon capture and storage is “a necessity, not an option” for the UK’s ambition to transition to net zero by 2050 The UK is well placed to lead in CCUS globally with: - A worldwide reputation as an international centre of engineering excellence - Extensive experience from the oil, gas and petrochemicals sector - Substantial CO2 storage potential and industrial infrastructure e.g. gas network The UK is a first mover; we will support the establishment of at least two low carbon CCUS clusters by the mid- 2020s and a further two by 2030 through which we aim to capture 20-30MtCO2 per year.
Author(s): Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) and the UK Energy Research Center (UKERC)
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC and ETI
This document is intended to identify the key technology and deployment issues faced by the marine energy sector in the UK, to provide initial prioritisation of these issues, and timelines for their delivery. The ultimate aim is to establish a commercially viable marine energy sector in the UK, supported by an extensive supply chain, thereby building skills and capacity at all levels
Author(s): Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) and the UK Energy Research Center (UKERC)
Published: 2010
Publisher: UKERC and ETI
Technology roadmaps are tools that provide a framework for stimulating innovation in specific technology areas in order to achieve a long term vision, target or goal. The aim of this roadmap is to facilitate the establishment of a commercially viable marine energy sector in the UK, supported by an extensive supply chain, thereby building the skills and capacity necessary to enable the sector to make a material and cost-effective contribution to the delivery of the UK’s energy and climate change goals. This Marine Energy Technology Roadmap, jointly developed by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) and the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) represents a major update to the ETI/UKERC 2010 Marine Energy Technology Roadmap, a document created to identify and prioritise the key technology and deployment issues faced by the marine renewable energy sector in the UK. This update has primarily been created to reflect the changes and advancements within the marine energy sector that have taken place since 2010, but it also recognises the engineering challenges that remain and that must be overcome to enable the industry to progress rapidly to early array deployments. This document is complementary to, and should be read in conjunction, with the Marine Energy Technology Innovation Needs Assessment2 (TINA) published by the Low Carbon Innovation Coordination Group (LCICG)3 in August 2012.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
This report covers both the production of biomass feedstocks, as well as the conversion of these feedstocks to different energy vectors. It focusses on how innovation could bring down costs and reduce barriers to deploying technologies within the biomass and bioenergy sub-theme. This work focusses on technologies at earlier stages of development rather than mature technologies with lower potential for further innovation
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The building fabric sub-theme report focusses on all UK buildings, both domestic and non-domestic. The report focusses on building fabric exclusively as: 1) current building fabric inefficiencies are significantly increasing the indirect contribution of the building stock to UK emissions and targeting them is essential for the UK to achieve environmental targets, and 2) they provide opportunity for wider system benefits and export opportunities to be unlocked by the UK.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The Carbon Capture Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) sub-theme analysis focusses on CCS for power, industrial CCS, and utilisation to produce fuels. CCUS technologies have different deployment timelines and present a variety of important innovation opportunities capable of bringing system benefits. There are three options for capturing emissions: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxycombustion. All three have different performance characteristics, integration requirements, and optimal applications.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The disruptive technologies EINA sub-theme is intended to highlight technologies and options that may significantly disrupt the energy system. By their nature, disruptive innovations are difficult to anticipate, and this report is therefore an exercise in exploring ranges of uncertainty. This EINA report follows a different structure and has a different purpose to the other sub-themes. Instead of prioritising ‘disruptive’ innovations, the report highlights potential sources of disruption and how these could significantly change the innovation priorities across the energy system. The report provides two key outputs: • A description of potentially disruptive innovations and their impact on the energy system. • An analysis of the impact of disruptions on our innovation prioritisation, highlighting where innovations are likely to become significantly more or less important. We define disruptive innovations as any innovation or other shock which moves the UK energy system substantially away from our central scenario. Throughout the EINA sub-themes, innovations are prioritised to reflect their importance to the energy system to 2050. Using a central scenario as an anchor, the EINA sub-themes can estimate the importance of innovation in a given technology. For example, the system benefits of innovation (and cost reductions) in hydrogen fuel cells are quantified given a central expectation of the cost of hydrogen in the energy system.2 If hydrogen costs turn out much lower than expected (and hence fuel cells are more widely deployed) innovation in fuel cells could become significantly more valuable than expected in our central scenario. As a rough benchmark, any innovation which shifts 10% of primary energy demand (or reduces energy demand altogether) is considered as disruptive.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The heating and cooling sub-theme focus on five main categories: heat pumps, heat; networks, heat storage, and cooling and hydrogen boilers. Innovation in these technology areas can play an important role in meeting the UK’s future heat demand, whilst also facilitating renewable uptake and driving further efficiency gains. Other hydrogen end use appliances such as hydrogen cookers, hydrogen fires, hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen gas meters may also have an important role to play, however only hydrogen boilers have been considered as part of this research. Industrial process heat is not within the scope of this report (see the Industrial EINA), nor biomass for heat (see Biomass EINA)
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The hydrogen energy sector is significantly wider than most other EINA sub- themes. It encompasses a broad range of technologies covering hydrogen production, delivery, and end use. For this reason, this sub-theme required further characterisation and subdivision into smaller groups that were analysed individually. The three groups into which the sub-theme was divided are: hydrogen production, hydrogen infrastructure, and hydrogen final use. The only end use of hydrogen considered within this sub-theme report was fuel cells, with an exclusive focus on stationary combined heat and power (CHP) applications. Other hydrogen end-uses are included in other EINA sub-theme reports.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
This industry sub-theme report focusses exclusively on seven industries: chemicals, food & drink, iron & steel, cement, pulp & paper, glass, and ceramics. Together, these industries account for close to two-thirds of all direct manufacturing emissions in the UK. These will need to decarbonise or offset their emissions (with technologies such as carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS)), in order to meet the UK’s 2050 climate change targets.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The nuclear energy sub-theme analysis focusses exclusively on nuclear energy, covering three categories of nuclear power: Generation III (Gen III), Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs). These technologies, with different deployment timelines and energy system benefits, present important innovation opportunities to bring system benefits. Nuclear fusion is out of scope as technology remains in early development and experimental phase. This report has four sections: - Nuclear and the whole energy system: Describes the role of nuclear fission in the energy system, based on ESME modelling performed by the ESC. - Innovation opportunities: Provides lists of the key innovations available within nuclear fission, and their approximate impact on costs. - Business opportunities: Summarises the export opportunities of biomass and bioenergy, the GVA and jobs supported by these opportunities, and how innovation helps the UK capture the opportunities. - Market barriers to innovation: Highlights areas of innovation where market barriers are high and energy system cost reductions and business opportunities significant.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The offshore wind sub-theme focusses on offshore wind, both fixed and floating platforms. This report focusses on offshore wind exclusively as it: 1) is expected to be deployed at significantly larger scale than solar and onshore wind and 2) is a relatively immature technology with greater opportunities for innovation to bring system benefits and unlock export opportunities for UK business. Offshore wind’s role in the energy system, as a variable renewable, is like that of solar and onshore wind in that it is a relatively low-cost source of low-carbon electricity. However, the ability to deploy the technology without as many practical and acceptability limits that occur onshore means that a higher potential is possible. In the future, if the available resource is less constrained, it may be possible for offshore wind to production of storable renewable fuels (e.g. hydrogen).
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The road transport sub-theme focusses on innovation opportunities that can reduce the energy consumption of light, medium and heavy-duty vehicles. The sub-theme was divided into seven technology families which are described below. Light duty BEV (LDV BEV); Heavy duty BEV (HDV BEV); Heavy duty dual fuel vehicles; Heavy Duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (HDV FCEV); Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs); Smart logistics and Mode shifting / Demand reduction The selection of these technology families was based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The following road transport technologies were excluded: HDV conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs): ESME simulations did not highlight high-innovation potential in this technology family. Innovations in ICEs are nevertheless captured in dual fuel vehicles. The expert group workshop felt strongly that there is innovation potential which could have a strong bearing upon energy consumption, especially in the near-to-medium term. LDV FCEVs: ESME simulations did not highlight high-innovation potential in this technology family as LDV FCEVs showed lower uptake relative to LDV BEVs in modelling. Some innovations in FCEVs are nevertheless relevant and these are like those applicable in HDV FCEVs, which are included. It is important to consider that some technology families treated in this sub-theme cut across other sub-themes: • FCEVs cut across Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, which includes innovations in hydrogen production, distribution and storage • Smart logistics and mode shifting cuts across Smart Systems Although these two technology families have been included in this sub-theme it is important to be aware of their interconnection with other sectors
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The smart systems sub-theme report focusses on technologies which provide flexibility to the electricity and wider energy system. A broad range of technologies are considered which allow both electricity demand and supply to become more flexible. This includes technologies which enable high resolution time- and location-based pricing, technologies which allow supply and demand to react to these price signals, and technologies which allow conversion between different energy carriers (e.g. electricity to hydrogen). Smart systems and flexible infrastructure enable the integration of low-carbon technologies into the energy system at lower costs compared to the conventional system. As the electricity and wider energy system becomes more reliant on variable renewables, infrastructure will be required to ensure supply can always meet demand. Key smart innovations reduce the need for investments in additional infrastructure by increasing flexibility of both supply and demand. Benefits of this include reduced need for expensive flexibility options such as peaking power plants, increasing utilisation of variable low-carbon generation, and deferred investments in transmission and distribution networks. Deployment of such innovations depends on overcoming sectoral barriers, such as coordination requirements across the national and local electricity markets and demand uncertainty given the immaturity of many technologies.
Author(s): Subtheme Group
Published: 2019
Publisher: Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Innovation areas in tidal stream The main innovations for tidal stream are identified below. The list is not a substitute for a detailed cost-reduction study. Rather, it is a guide for policymakers on key areas to be considered in any future innovation programme design. • Structure and Prime Mover: There is potential for innovations around the use of materials (using concrete and polymers) and the design of improved blades for turbines. Different classes of tidal stream device may prove to be more suited to different resource environments, therefore there is also potential for novel structure design. • Power Take-Off and Control (PTO): Potential innovations in PTO technology include permanent magnets and control of turbines to minimise turbulence, increase yield, and reduce fatigue and improved pitch and yaw technology • Foundations and Mooring: Innovations to replace gravity bases are required to make foundations for fixed tidal devices more efficient. Advanced mooring development and demonstration is particularly relevant for floating tidal devices. Technology transfer is possible from the offshore wind sector. • Operations and Maintenance: Innovations in physical maintenance procedures such as reducing time spent at sea and the need to use divers are relevant for fixed tidal devices. This could be using remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) and other novel condition monitoring techniques. • Yield: Innovations in tidal resource modelling allows for greater understanding of the tidal energy resource, enabling yield optimisation and reducing the LCOE.
Author(s): UKERC
Published: 2008
Publisher: UKERC
Four marine energy technology roadmaps are reviewed here, produced for the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), the World Energy Council (WEC), the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Carbon Trust (CT). This introduction summarises their main themes. More detail is presented in the individual roadmap templates.
Author(s): Dept of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Published: 2003
Publisher: Dept of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Congress has asked the Department of Energy (DOE) to prepare two reports describing the status of fuel cells. The Interior & Related Agencies Appropriations Conference Report (House Report 107-234) that accompanies Public Law 107-63, enacted in November 2001, requests that the Department report within 12 months to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations on the technical and economic barriers to the use of fuel cells in transportation, portable power, stationary, and distributed power generation applications. It also requests that the Department provide, within six months after enactment, an interim assessment that describes preliminary findings about the need for public-private cooperative programs to demonstrate the use of fuel cells in commercial-scale applications by 2012. The aim of this report is to respond to these requests.
Author(s): Department for International Trade
Published: 2022
Publisher: Department for International Trade
Low carbon hydrogen will be vital to achieving net zero by 2050, with the potential to help decarbonise key UK industrial sectors and provide energy across heat, power and transport. The UK Hydrogen Strategy reaffirmed the Governments aim, working with industry, to have 5GW of low carbon hydrogen production capacity in the UK by 2030. The recent series of policy announcements on the Net Zero Hydrogen Fund, Business Model and a Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard represent the next substantial step forward in government support for the development of a thriving hydrogen economy. We expect that up to 1.5GW of hydrogen production capacity to be in operation or construction by 2025, providing the necessary certainty to unlock the 4bn of private investment we want to see up to 2030. Low carbon hydrogen will be vital to achieving net zero by 2050, with the potential to help decarbonise key UK industrial sectors and provide energy across power, transport and heat. After setting out an aim for 5GW of low carbon hydrogen production capacity by 2030 in the UK Hydrogen Strategy we are now doubling our ambition to up to 10GW by 2030, subject to affordability and value for money, with at least half from electrolytic hydrogen. The recent policy announcements on a Net Zero Hydrogen Fund to support deployment, a business model to ensure long-term revenue support, and a Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard to enable market access and certainty represent the next substantial step forward to developing a thriving UK hydrogen economy. We expect that up to 2GW of low carbon hydrogen production capacity will be in operation or construction by 2025, providing the necessary certainty to unlock over 9bn of private investment we want to see by 2030
Author(s): US Department of Energy (DoE)
Published: 2005
Publisher: US Department of Energy
The purpose of the roadmap is to drive the development and demonstration of commercially viable hydrogen storage technologies that meet FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership goals. The technical targets are for on-board hydrogen storage systems with a 300-mile vehicle range. The targets are subject to change as more is learned about system requirements and as progress in fuel cell technology is made.
Author(s): Jeffrey, H.
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC
This Marine Energy Technology Roadmap, jointly developed by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) and the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) represents a major update to the ETI/UKERC 2010 Marine Energy Technology Roadmap, a document created to identify and prioritise the key technology and deployment issues faced by the marine renewable energy sector in the UK. This update has primarily been created to reflect the changes and advancements within the marine energy sector that have taken place since 2010, but it also recognises the engineering challenges that remain and that must be overcome to enable the industry to progress rapidly to early array deployments.
Author(s): Dr PJA Howarth, Dalton Nuclear Institute
Published: 2008
Publisher: UKERC
The purpose of this document is to summarise the technology roadmap for nuclear fission in the UK. It is not possible to point to any one document to provide a comprehensive technology roadmap covering all aspects of the nuclear industry. This is due to the broadness of the industry covering reactor operation, fuel cycle infrastructure, legacy waste management, decommissioning, naval propulsion etc. Given the UK Energy Research Centre is predominately interested in energy generation, this paper concentrates on the technology roadmap for reactor systems. To help put this in context this document does cover other aspects of the industry such as fuel cycle technology, disposal and decommissioning although not in as much as detail as for reactor systems
Author(s): Stodolsky F, Gaines L
Published: 2002
Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Railroads are important to the U.S. economy. They transport freight efficiently, requiring less energy and emitting fewer pollutants than other modes of surface transportation. While the railroad industry has steadily improved its fuel efficiency--by 16% over the last decade--more can, and needs to, be done. The ability of locomotive manufacturers to conduct research into fuel efficiency and emissions reduction is limited by the small number of locomotives manufactured annually. Each year for the last five years, the two North American locomotive manufacturers--General Electric Transportation Systems and the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors--have together sold about 800 locomotives in the United States. With such a small number of units over which research costs can be spread, outside help is needed to investigate all possible ways to reduce fuel usage and emissions. Because fuel costs represent a significant portion of the total operating costs of a railroad, fuel efficiency has always been an important factor in the design of locomotives and in the operations of a railroad. However, fuel efficiency has recently become even more critical with the introduction of strict emission standards by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to be implemented in stages (Tiers 0, 1, and 2) between 2000 and 2005. Some of the technologies that could be employed to meet the emission standards may negatively affect fuel economy--by as much as 10-15% when emissions are reduced to Tier 1 levels. Lowering fuel economy by that magnitude would have a serious impact on the cost to the consumer of goods shipped by rail, on the competitiveness of the railroad industry, and on this countrys dependence on foreign oil. Clearly, a joint government/industry R&D program is needed to help catalyze the development of advanced technologies that will substantially reduce locomotive engine emissions while also improving train system energy efficiency. DOE convened an industry-government workshop in January 2001 to gauge industry interest. As a result, the railroads, their suppliers, and the federal government have embarked on a cooperative effort to further improve railroad fuel efficiency--by 25% between now and 2010 and by 50% by 2020, on an equivalent gallon per revenue ton-mile basis, while meeting emission standards, all in a cost-effective, safe manner. This effort aims to bring the collaborative approaches of other joint industry-government efforts, such as FreedomCAR and the 21st Century Truck partnership, to the problem of increasing rail fuel efficiency. Industrys expertise and in-kind contributions, coupled with federal funding and the resources of the DOEs national laboratories, could make for an efficient, effective program with measurable energy efficiency targets and realistic deployment schedules. document provides the necessary background for developing such a program. Potential R&D pathways to greatly improve the efficiency of freight transportation by rail, while meeting future emission standards in a cost-effective, safe manner, were developed jointly by an industry-government team as a result of DOEs January 2001 Workshop on Locomotive Emissions and System Efficiency and are presented here. The status of technology, technical targets, barriers, and technical approaches for engine, locomotive, rail systems, and advanced power plants and fuels are presented
Author(s): Commentary by Professor David Infield, University of Strathclyde
Published: 2013
Publisher: UKERC
At the time of the meeting in March 2009, the plan was to produce a research road map to inform Government research spending in the wind field. A formal report was never produced due to lack of time and resources, and in many ways events have moved on since then, in that substantial research is presently underway now in the U K, after a long period when little publicly funded wind energy research was carried out. This change was driven by a combination of immediate and medium term needs and concerns of the growing UK commercial sector in the context of a Government commitment to meet much of the UK’s planned clean energy generation from wind. In parallel some UK companies and a number of overseas companies based in the UK are strengthening their wind research teams. Much of this effort, both in Industry and Universities is concentrated on the considerable and diverse challenges of offshore wind energy. In this context, it was considered useful to reflect on the deliberations of the experts who were encouraged to take a very open approach to where wind energy was, and should be, going. Many of the ideas noted are equally valid 3 years later and might provide inspiration to funding agencies like TSB, DECC, ETI, and Carbon Trust, which are all increasingly involved in wind energy, as well of course as EPSRC who continues to support the Wind Supergen programme. Although it is worth noting that, despite the enormous (multibillion) UK investment expected in on- and off-shore wind in the next decade or so, and the major science and engineering challenges that must be overcome before the UK’s Offshore Round 3 sites can be exploited, EPSRC has chosen not to plan further increases in the direct research support for wind which is presently modest. This is not because wind technology is demonstrably fully mature as I hope these notes will demonstrate. In fact wind energy is poised at a critical juncture where radically different designs are being proposed by manufacturers for large scale offshore application, and attempt to sidestep reliability problems with aspects of existing technology. These new designs are almost completely unproven and the engineering tools to design these with confidence do not exist. This can be seen in the intensive research activity at the Danish Technical University (DTU) ( now incorporating the Risø National Laboratory) which has focused on the combined challenges of : 1) scaling up the technology and 2) applying it offshore, and also their leadership role in EERA Wind, the wind part of the European Energy Research Alliance which seeks to deliver much of the EU’s R&D activity in this sector.
Author(s): ERTRAC
Published: 2004
Publisher: ETRAC
Envisioning Europe in 2020 from the threshold of this new millennium has made us keenly aware of both the hopes for our new and expanding European Community and the challenges confronting our society and environment. Road transport is woven throughout these hopes and challenges. It links us to each other, to our schools, employment and leisure activities. Freight transport is the lifeblood of our economy. The road transport industry provides employment across several sectors, and it is a source of both new technologies and manufacturing innovation. However, road transport also faces unprecedented challenges as demands for both personal mobility and goods transport continue to grow. At the same time, preservation of our natural environment is a growing challenge, energy supply is of heightened concern, and global competitive pressures demand ever increasing efficiencies. For the past two years, research managers, technical experts and public authorities associated with the European road transport sector have been discussing these challenges and the possibilities for moving forward. We have reached three conclusions: • Significant social, economic and environmental benefits can both be gained through improved knowledge and continued investment in research in the road transport industry. • Both technical and non-technical research domains are key to finding solutions and making soundly based investment decisions for improving road transport within an intermodal system. • The solutions required for our society can only be achieved through a multi-disciplinary, systems approach to research activities and the subsequent development and implementation by the private and public sectors at the European and national levels. The members of ERTRAC invite you to utilize this first Strategic Research Agenda, which presents the elements of ERTRAC’s Vision for 2020, and the expectations and targets for research in order to achieve this vision. It outlines detailed descriptions of the research areas and roadmaps of the path forward towards reaching the necessary objectives.
Author(s): Sunshot project
Published: 2012
Publisher: US Department of Energy
This chapter evaluates the current cost, performance, and potential of several CSP technologies. A detailed discussion of the opportunities for potential cost reductions to existing and emerging Concentrating Solar Power technologies is provided. Key challenges to achieving the level of CSP growth envisioned in the SunShot scenario are evaluated, including potential materials-supply constraints as well as manufacturing scale-up issues. This analysis makes it clear that continued CSP technology advances and cost reductions, through both continued R&D investments and increased deployment activities, will be necessary for achieving the SunShot scenario. In particular, CSP’s ability to provide firm, dispatchable power generation will play a critical role in enabling the U.S. electricity generation system to operate safely and reliably under the SunShot scenario’s levels of solar technology deployment.
Author(s): Technical Architecture project team
Published: 2005
Publisher: DTI and Ofgem
Since de-regulation the Electricity Supply Industry has undergone a metamorphic change both technically and commercially. The industry has become much more streamlined and, at the same time, more fragmented in its different approaches to solving the common challenges of an ever more demanding customer base, an ageing infrastructure and a rising preponderance of different forms of distributed generation. The challenge going forward is to provide greater flexibility to allow distribution power networks of the future to deliver the demands that will be placed on them by future generations. To achieve this, the normal ambition of best practice and cost efficiency must be blended with technical innovation and sustainable strategies to allow the liberalised market to flourish and deliver the real promise of a lower carbon economy in an affordable, safe and environmentally acceptable manner. This report sets out the steps that will be necessary to ensure the most appropriate use is made of our legacy infrastructure, the opportunities that innovative technological, commercial, regulatory and environmental solutions can offer and a framework that will allow these solutions to be delivered in a liberalised context. The report proposes the processes needed and offers recommendations to achieve this goal.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2013
Publisher: International Energy Authority
1Foreword As long as fossil fuels and carbon-intensive industries play dominant roles in our economies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) will remain a critical greenhouse gas reduction solution. With coal and other fossil fuels remaining dominant in the fuel mix, there is no climate friendly scenario in the long run without CCS. CCS has so far been developing at a slow pace despite some technological progress, and urgent action is now needed to accelerate its deployment
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2012
Publisher: International Energy Authority
The report shows how China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1,000 GW of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year, or roughly equivalent to the combined CO2 emissions of Germany, France and Italy in 2009. The China Wind Energy Roadmap is the first national roadmap that has been d eveloped by a country with IEA support, drawing from its global roadmap series
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2012
Publisher: International Energy Authority
This roadmap identifies technology goals and defines key actions that governments and other stakeholders must undertake to expand the sustainable production and use of bioenergy. It provides additional focus and urgency to international discussions about the importance of bioenergy to a low CO2 future. To achieve this vision, strong and balanced policy efforts are needed to create a stable investment environment and allow commercialisation of new bioenergy conversion technologies, efficiency improvements and further cost reductions along the whole supply chain. Internationally aligned sustainability requirements will be vital to ensure that production and use of bioenergy heat and power provide the envisaged emission reductions, and have a positive impact on socio-economic development and the environment.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
This roadmap identifies technology goals and defines key actions that stakeholders must undertake to expand biofuel production and use sustainably. It provides additional focus and urgency to international discussions about the importance of biofuels to a low CO2 future. As the recommendations of the roadmap are implemented, and as technology and policy frameworks evolve, the potential for different technologies may increase.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
There is a pressing need to accelerate the development and deployment of advanced clean energy technologies in order to address the global challenges of energy security, climate change and sustainable development. Ministers from the G8 countries, and China, India and South Korea, in their meeting in June 2008 in Aomori, Japan, acknowledged this challenge when they declared the wish to have the International Energy Agency (IEA) prepare roadmaps to advance innovative energy technology. “We will establish an international initiative with the support of the IEA to develop roadmaps for innovative technologies and co-operate upon existing and new partnerships, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced energy technologies. Reaffirming our Heiligendamm commitment to urgently develop, deploy and foster clean energy technologies, we recognise and encourage a wide range of policy instruments such as transparent regulatory frameworks, economic and fiscal incentives, and public/private partnerships to foster private sector investments in new technologies….” To achieve this ambitious goal, the IEA has undertaken an effort to develop a series of global technology roadmaps. The roadmaps will e nable governments, industry and financial partners to identify the steps needed and to implement measures to accelerate the required technology development and uptake. The underlying objective of this roadmap is to advance the global uptake of low-carbon technologies in industrial applications, particularly by involving developing countries and transition economies. This roadmap builds on the initial IEA roadmap on CCS (IEA, 2009), which outlined actions and milestones for CCS in the power, industry and fuel transformation sectors as a whole. It also draws on the technology roadmap for the cement sector developed by the IEA and the Cement Sustainability Initiative of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (IEA/WBCSD, 2009).
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2009
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Recognising the urgency of identifying technology to reduce the CO2 intensity of cement production, the IEA has worked together with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) to develop a technology roadmap for cement. This is currently the only industry-specific roadmap; others focus on specific technologies. This joint effort shows willingness to build on progress already made, as well as the industry’s understanding that further progress lies ahead.
Author(s): Lew Fulton as lead author
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
The Electric and Plug-in Hybrid (EV/PHEV) Vehicles Roadmap has been developed in collaboration with governments, industry and non-government organisations (NGOs). The approach began with a review and assessment of existing domestic and international collaboration efforts by member governments and industry groups on EV/PHEV technology and deployment. These efforts included all technical and policy-related activities associated with moving this technology from the laboratory to widespread commercial use. This roadmap covers the two main types of electrification for light-duty vehicles: pure batteryelectric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Non plug-in hybrids and other efficiency improvements in current ICE vehicles will be covered under a separate roadmap.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2014
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Energy storage technologies can support energy security and climate change goals by providing valuable services in developed and developing energy systems. A systems approach to energy system design will lead to more integrated and optimised energy systems. Energy storage technologies can help to better integrate our electricity and heat systems and can play a crucial role in energy system decarbonisation.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
The Energy-Efficient Buildings: Heating and Cooling Equipment Roadmap sets out a detailed pathway for the evolution and deployment of the key underlying technologies. It finds that urgent action is required if the building stock of the future is to consume less energy and result in lower CO2 emissions. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision. It is the IEA hope that this roadmap provides additional focus and urgency to the international discussions about the importance of energy efficiency as a technology solution
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Geothermal energy today is mainly known for its reliable production of base-load power – the power needed to meet minimum demands – in areas where geological conditions permit fluids to transfer heat from the Earth to the surface in self-flowing wells at high temperatures. However, geothermal resources at moderate temperatures can be found in aquifers that are widespread. Such resources can be used in binary power plants, combined heat and power plants or in heat-only applications. Emerging geothermal technologies that extract energy from the hot rock resources found everywhere in the world hold much promise for expanding the production of geothermal power and heat.
Author(s): International Energy Agency’s Energy Technology Division, with Keith Burnard and Osamu Ito as lead authors.
Published: 2012
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Over the past decade, fossil fuels, and particularly coal, have satisfied the major share of the incremental growth in primary energy demand. As coal is a widely dispersed and relatively low-cost energy resource, it is used extensively around the world: at present, almost two-thirds of coal demand in the energy sector is for electricity generation. But the growing reliance on coal to meet rising demand for energy presents a major threat to a low-carbon future. On average, the efficiency of existing coalfired capacity is quite low, at about 33%. This means that large amounts of coal must be combusted to produce each unit of electricity. As consumption rises, so do the levels of both greenhouse and non-GHG. Collectively, the large number of coal-fired power generation units around the world hold potential to make a substantial contribution to a low-carbon future. As large point sources of CO2 emissions, concerted efforts to improve their efficiency can significantly reduce coal consumption and lower emissions. But achieving these goals will require strong policies to encourage the development and deployment of state-of-the-art technologies. This roadmap describes how HELE coal technologies2 could contribute to reducing the growing emissions of CO2 from coal-fired power generation between now and 2050. In particular, it examines the potential for combustion of coal under supercritical and ultra-supercritical conditions, and through the use of integrated gasification combined cycle.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2015
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Most hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are still in the early stages of commercialisation and currently struggle to compete with alternative technologies, including other low-carbon options, due to high costs. Additional attention will be required before their potential can be fully realised. Governments can help accelerate the development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by ensuring continued research, development and demonstration (RD&D) funding for hydrogen generation and conversion technologies, such as electrolysers and fuel cells. This will facilitate early commercialisation of fuel cell electric vehicles and support demonstration projects for VRE integration using hydrogen-based energy storage applications. Overcoming risks related to investment in infrastructure hinges upon close collaboration among many stakeholders, such as the oil and gas industry, utilities and power grid providers, car manufacturers, and local, regional and national authorities.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2012
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Hydropower is a competitive energy source already today, but its further deployment still faces important regulatory, financial and public acceptance issues. This roadmap identifies those barriers and includes proposals to address them, including technology and managerial improvements enhancing the environmental performance of hydro
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2015
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Nuclear energy can play a key role in decarbonising our electricity systems by providing a stable source of low-carbon base-load electricity. By identifying major barriers and recommendations on how they can be overcome, this Roadmap aims to assist governments interested in maintaining or developing nuclear energy technologies. To get us onto the right pathway, this Roadmap highlights several key actions to be addressed in the next decade to ensure the conditions for a safe, publicly accepted and affordable deployment of nuclear technology in countries that already have the technology as well as in newcomer countries.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2011
Publisher: International Energy Authority
This roadmap focuses on smart grids – the infrastructure that enables the delivery of power from generation sources to end-uses to be monitored and managed in real time. Smart grids are required to enable the use of a range of lowcarbon technologies, such as variable renewable resources and electric vehicles, and to address current concerns with the electricity system infrastructure, such as meeting peak demand with an ageing infrastructure. Unlike most other lowcarbon energy technologies, smart grids must be deployed in both existing systems (which in some cases are over 40 years old) as well as within totally new systems. Smart grid technologies must also be installed with minimum disruption to the daily operation of the electricity system. These challenges do not detract, however, from the opportunity to gain significant benefits from developing and deploying smart grids.
Author(s): Milou Beerepoot as lead author
Published: 2012
Publisher: International Energy Authority
There is a pressing need to accelerate the development and deployment of advanced clean energy technologies in order to address the global challenges of energy security, climate change and sustainable development. This challenge was acknowledged by the ministers from the G8 countries, China, India and South Korea, in their meeting in June 2008 in Aomori, Japan, where they declared the wish to have IEA prepare roadmaps to advance innovative energy technology. “We will establish an international initiative with the support of the IEA to develop roadmaps for innovative technologies and co-operate upon existing and new partnerships, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced energy technologies. Reaffirming our Heiligendamm commitment to urgently develop, deploy and foster clean energy technologies, we recognise and encourage a wide range of policy instruments such as transparent regulatory frameworks, economic and fiscal incentives, and public/private partnerships to foster private sector investments in new technologies….” To achieve this ambitious goal, the IEA has undertaken an effort to develop a series of global technology roadmaps. The roadmaps will enable governments, industry and financial partners to identify and implement the steps they need to take to accelerate the required technology development and uptake. The underlying objective of this roadmap is to advance the global uptake of solar heating and cooling technology in OECD countries as well as in developing countries and transition economies.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2014
Publisher: International Energy Authority
As PV spreads beyond Europe, where most deployment was concentrated until 2012, it faces a number of barriers, economic and non-economic. To help overcome such potential obstacles, this updated roadmap provides renewed proposals on technology, system integration, legislative and regulatory issues, based on analyses of the lessons learned by pioneering countries.
Author(s): IEA
Published: 2014
Publisher: International Energy Authority
Solar thermal electricity (STE) generated by concentrating solar power (CSP) plants is one of those technologies. It has witnessed robust growth in the last four years, although less than expected in the 2010 IEA technology roadmap. More importantly, the technology is diversifying, creating pathways that promise to increase deployment by reducing costs and opening new markets. Meanwhile, the rapid deployment and the decrease in costs of solar photovoltaics (PV), as well as other important changes in the energy landscape, notably greater uncertainty in regard to nuclear power and CCS, have led the IEA to reassess the role of both solar technologies in mitigating climate change.
Author(s): European Wind Energy Association
Published: 2013
Publisher: European Wind Energy Association
The European Wind Initiative will take the European wind industry to the next stage. It will develop the wind energy technology of the future, the necessary testing facilities, streamlined manufacturing processes, and maintain Europe’s global technology leadership To achieve this vision, the EWI focuses on four main technology areas: new turbines and components; offshore technology; grid integration; resource assessment and spatial planning
Author(s): Gough, C., Mander, S., Haszeldine, S. and Palmer, J.
Published: 2007
Publisher: UKERC
This roadmap addresses a technology which decarbonises emissions from large point sources, with a focus upon electricity supply: Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS). CCS reduces CO2 emissions through the 'chemical capture' of CO2 at central electricity plant (powered by coal or gas) with subsequent transport of CO2 to a geological storage site. The technology is endorsed by the IPCC and UK government as a key mitigation option (IPCC, 2007; POST, 2005). UK support for CCS was announced in the 2007 Budget through 'a competition to develop the UK's first fullscale demonstration of carbon capture and storage' (HM Treasury, 2007), which will operate from November 2007. There are currently more than nine proposals in the UK for full-scale CCS power plant proposing diverse capture options and storage sites.
Author(s): HM Government
Published: 2020
Publisher: UK Government
The Ten Point Plan will lay the foundations for a Green Industrial Revolution. The 10 points covered by this plan are: Advancing Offshore Wind; Drivng the Growth of Low Carbon Hydrogen; Delivering New and Advanced Nuclear Power; Accelerating the Shift to Zero Emission Vehicles; Green Public Transport, Cycling and Walking;Jet Zero and Green Ships; Greener Buildings;Investing in Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage; Protecting Our Natural Environment and Green Finance and Innovation
Author(s): collated and edited by Henry Jeffrey and Shovana Talukda
Published: 2020
Publisher: University of Edinburgh
Despite being a challenging year, 2020 saw continuous innovative cross-border collaborations, deployment of state-of-the-art projects and offshore tests being undertaken for the ocean energy sector. The UK is home to the first tidal stream arrays in the world and has already deployed more wave and tidal energy devices than the rest of the world
Author(s): Policy and Innovation Research Group, University of Edinburgh. Ed H. Jeffrey
Published: 2021
Publisher: University of Edinburgh
With the eyes of the world focussed firmly on Glasgow for the hosting of the 26th UN Climate Change Conference, there hasn’t been a better opportunity to review the current status of the UK’s ocean energy sector. Despite being a challenging year, 2021 saw sustained innovation and cross-border collaboration, leading to continued offshore testing and deployment of state-of-the-art ocean energy devices.
Author(s): Policy and Innovation Research Group, University of Edinburgh. Ed H. Jeffrey
Published: 2022
Publisher: University of Edinburgh
The UKs position as a leading nation in the global effort to slow climate change has now become synonymous with our position as one of the leading nations in the research, innovation and development of the ocean energy sector. The value of this position has only been emphasised in light of Russias ongoing illegal invasion of Ukraine, with the UK looking to further develop renewable energy technologies, such as wave and tidal, that can complement and strengthen the existing domestic energy mix.
Author(s): Compiled by Samantha Quinn, University of Edinburgh
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC
Author(s): Compiled by Samantha Quinn, University of Edinburgh
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC
This roadmap provides a set of measure and actions that define the global pathway for nuclear power deployment to 2050, focusing exclusively on the use of energy from nuclear fission. The roadmap provides a high level overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with nuclear expansion on a global level. The roadmap follows the needs of the industry in order to achieve the ETP BLUE Map scenario, which projects that nuclear capacity will reach about 1200 GW by 2050, providing about 24% of the global electricity supply. Throughout the document, recommendations and actions are highlighted.
Author(s): Compiled by Samantha Quinn, University of Edinburgh
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC
This document provides the latest information on concerning PV solar photovoltaics on a global and European/UK basis, as well as a focus on concentrating solar power in the US and Australia. Several roadmaps, strategy documents and vision studies have been completed to provide the most up-to-date information.
Author(s): Compiled by Samantha Quinn, University of Edinburgh
Published: 2014
Publisher: UKERC
This document reviews and highlights the significant information presented in six wind energy (both onshore and offshore) roadmaps. This document provides the latest information on wind energy roadmaps. There has been several wind energy roadmaps published providing a national and global perspective to increasing wind energy deployment for both onshore and offshore wind. These documents will continue to be updated overtime as progress within the industry is made. The roadmaps within this document provide an overview of the strategies taken from several countries, as well as examine the industry on a global scale. Whilst the scope and strategy of the roadmaps may differ, they share similar themes including technology development and innovation, need for better siting guidelines, policy framework and increased funding. Additionally, there is a focus on the identification of synergies between offshore wind and ocean energy. The roadmaps reviewed within this document provide a high-level understanding of the current state of the wind energy sector, as well as challenges and opportunities for the successful acceleration of the industry.
Author(s): Mueller, M. and Jeffrey, H.
Published: 2008
Publisher: UKERC
This document is a technology roadmap: it provides a guide for mobilising the wave and tidal energy community in the UK down a deployment pathway towards a target of achieving 2GW installed capacity by 2020.
The roadmap is aimed at providing a focused and coherent approach to technology development in the marine sector, whilst taking into account the needs of other stakeholders. The successful implementation of the technology roadmap depends upon a number of complex interactions between commercial, political and technical aspects.
Although this roadmap is technically focused it also considers policy, environmental and commercialisation aspects of the marine energy sector, in order to display and put in context these wider influences.
The roadmap is aimed at technology developers, project developers, policy makers, government bodies, investors (public and private)
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