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Other Bio-EnergyAuthor(s): Baringa Partners LLP
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This project will describe existing biomass import / storage / distribution assets and, using findings from BVCM (ETI’s Bio Value Chain Model) and other references, will define and test alternative scenarios for different biomass demand levels.
This report details how the biomass logistics infrastructure network has developed in the UK to date and the current status of, and issues with, biomass distribution networks in the UK. The report should cover both imported and domestic biomass feedstocks. The report should highlight any future planned investments in biomass logistics infrastructure. The report should also consider lessons that can be learned from other relevant sectors such as coal and oil.
Up to now the sector has been subsidy-driven and while growth of the biomass market has been evident it is still only a small percentage (4%1) of the total energymarket despite significant support to date.
Key Findings:
The review also finds that the biomass sector is not without challenges. These challenges include; a shortage of drivers who are willing to work in this sector (as well as more generally in road haulage), increasing barriers to entry driven by the emergence of larger and more dominant market players, schedule optimisation to reduce ‘empty miles’, the need for standard practices which ensure product quality and the clear reduction in Government support and incentives.
In an uncertain UK energy policy context, growth in biomass projects and the logistics supply chain will only occur if the biomass sector continues to receive an allocation of CFDs and/or market prices support project economics without need for subsidy. For growth to occur, it requires the two fundamental factors of revenue and fuel supply certainty to be addressed, together with meeting the opportunities and challenges associated with the future direction of UK energy policy
This report details how the biomass logistics infrastructure network has developed in the UK to date and the current status of, and issues with, biomass distribution networks in the UK. The report should cover both imported and domestic biomass feedstocks. The report should highlight any future planned investments in biomass logistics infrastructure. The report should also consider lessons that can be learned from other relevant sectors such as coal and oil.
Up to now the sector has been subsidy-driven and while growth of the biomass market has been evident it is still only a small percentage (4%1) of the total energymarket despite significant support to date.
Key Findings:
- Despite new entrants, the supply chain is very fragamented.
- There are a number of planned network logistics investments which have the potential to benefit the sector.
- There are lessons that can be learned from established supply chains in other comparable industries
- Confidence in the sector is much needed to attract further investment in supporting infrastructure and supply chain synergies.
- Rail is vital to the UK’s economic prosperity. Rail links with ports and airports are essential to support the transportation of goods
- The extent to which rail transport and freight specifically will be a constraint to the biomass logistics supply chain is dependent upon a range of factors; primarily the Government’s energy policy on biomass, willingness of the Government to protect capacity and promote rail freight growth on the network, the extent to which biomass will replace coal and the cost efficiency of using imported fuel sources and rail haulage, as opposed to local fuel supplies and other transport modes
The review also finds that the biomass sector is not without challenges. These challenges include; a shortage of drivers who are willing to work in this sector (as well as more generally in road haulage), increasing barriers to entry driven by the emergence of larger and more dominant market players, schedule optimisation to reduce ‘empty miles’, the need for standard practices which ensure product quality and the clear reduction in Government support and incentives.
In an uncertain UK energy policy context, growth in biomass projects and the logistics supply chain will only occur if the biomass sector continues to receive an allocation of CFDs and/or market prices support project economics without need for subsidy. For growth to occur, it requires the two fundamental factors of revenue and fuel supply certainty to be addressed, together with meeting the opportunities and challenges associated with the future direction of UK energy policy
Author(s): ETI
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the characteristics of Miscanthus in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2015
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This 86 page report is the second of seven deliverables produced as part of Phase 1 (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks Project and the second of two under Milestone 1. It describes the rationale for both the experimental design and the decisions taken. Deliverable 2 was to provide technical details to enable the ETI to check the technical validity of the project, in particular that feedstocks and soils would be representatively sampled, sample integrity would be maintained, approved laboratory methods would be used, and that both the statistical analyses and database design would be fit for purpose.The report provides the following
- how sampling consistency will be assured;
- the design for the planned database;
- the roles and responsibilities between all parties involved in sampling, data collection and lab analysis.
- the rationale for the experimental approach
Author(s): McKay, H., Croxton, S., Hogan, G., Wall, M., Weatherstone, S., Connolly, T., Quick, W. and Forster, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This slide set was presented on 16th March 2017 to ETI by the Forest Research led team, and covers the findings from the whole of the Characterisation of Feedstocks Project.
Author(s): McKay, H., Croxton, S., Hogan, G., Wall, M., Weatherstone, S., Connolly, T., Quick, W. and Forster, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This document contains the Appendices to the Final Report from the second Phase (2016/17) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, Deliverable D12. This deliverable (D12) is one of three to be provided under the second phase (2016/17) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks Project. It is supported by the Excel dataset (D11). A synthesis and summary of the findings from the whole project, Phases 1 plus 2, is provided separately (Deliverable D13). The purpose of this deliverable D12 is to report
- the findings from the 2016/17 investigations into the impact of harvest time on the properties of UK produced Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) willow and Miscanthus;
- the impact of variety on UK produced SRC willow properties, and;
- the impact of four different types of commonly used storage types over time on UK produced Miscanthus properties.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2015
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This slideset was used to brief the ETI on the experimental hypotheses, approach, methodology (including with respect to health and safety) for the second phase (2016/17) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks project. The purpose of this deliverable was to enable the Project delivery team to demonstrate to the ETI that the planned approaches would enable the experimental hypotheses to be robustly tested and meet the ETI?s needs.
Author(s): McKay, H., Croxton, S., Hogan, G., Wall, M., Weatherstone, S., Connolly, T., Quick, W. and Forster, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This report provides an overview of the first phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks project, excluding the extension work (reported in Deliverables D12 Report and D13 Whole Project Executive Report).
The report starts with a summary of the key findings from the four studies carried out during 2015 and 2016. This is followed by an introduction to the context of the Project, including background, rationale and objectives; a description of the project approach, including the parameters investigated; the hypotheses tested; and the experimental protocols. The report then provides a summary of the two main areas of study, the results obtained and the statistical analyses used. An initial comparison of the results with those in the principal International database of biomass properties is discussed to put the results into context. The results and findings from the third and fourth areas of study are presented: comparison of variation within individual fields with those observed between sites, and the effect of pelletisation on Miscanthus properties. Commentary on the relative costs of establishment and production for the different feedstocks are provided. Finally the implications of, and recommendations to be drawn from the study are discussed
The report starts with a summary of the key findings from the four studies carried out during 2015 and 2016. This is followed by an introduction to the context of the Project, including background, rationale and objectives; a description of the project approach, including the parameters investigated; the hypotheses tested; and the experimental protocols. The report then provides a summary of the two main areas of study, the results obtained and the statistical analyses used. An initial comparison of the results with those in the principal International database of biomass properties is discussed to put the results into context. The results and findings from the third and fourth areas of study are presented: comparison of variation within individual fields with those observed between sites, and the effect of pelletisation on Miscanthus properties. Commentary on the relative costs of establishment and production for the different feedstocks are provided. Finally the implications of, and recommendations to be drawn from the study are discussed
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the characteristics of Willow SRC in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the characteristics of Willow SRC IFV in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes ofthese variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes ofthese variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the null hypothesis values for all five feedstocks in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the characteristics of Poplar SRF in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the characteristics of Spruce SRF in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document describes the infield variation and site composite results in characteristics of Miscanthus in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability.
The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document contains a summary of the variance in analytical results for fresh Miscanthus, Willow SRC, Willow leaves, Poplar SRF trunk, tops and leaves, and Spruce SRF trunk, tops and bark, categorized by climate, soil type and storage.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grownas short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grownas short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This document is one of the appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, Deliverable D6, and outlines the scope and acceptance criteria of this deliverable.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document contains maps of the test Miscanthus field showing the different plots analysed and their relative yield of in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock propertiesof UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock propertiesof UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document contains a summary of the analytical results for fresh Miscanthus, Willow SRC, Willow leaves, Poplar SRF trunk, tops and leaves, and Spruce SRF trunk, tops and bark.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variations and the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): Forest Research
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This document compares the composition of all feedstocks in terms of moisture content, net and gross calorific value, dry ash content and its variability, dry nitrogen content, dry chlorine, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cadmium, lead, fluorine, bromine, aluminium, calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, silicon and titanium content.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variationsand the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
This document is one of the 13 appendices to the Final Report from the first Phase (2015/16) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks (CofF) project, the primary purpose of which is to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The purpose of this report plus its related parts is to report the variability in feedstock properties of UK produced energy biomass, the causes of these variationsand the relationship between the feedstock properties and the provenance data collected. Five feedstocks were studied: Miscanthus, willow short rotation coppice (SRC), poplar SRC, poplar grown as short rotation forests (SRF), and spruce SRF, with poplar and Sitka spruce selected to represent broadleaved and coniferous biomass crops respectively. Provenance data include site properties (such as general climate zone and soil chemistry), the conditions at the time of sample collection, and past management of the site and crop with soil samples also collected for analysis. The feedstock samples were analysed in UKAS accredited laboratories.
Author(s): McKay, H., Hogan, G., Croxton, S. and Quick, W
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This slideset was the first of seven deliverables to be produced under the first phase (2015/16) of this Project and the first of two under Milestone 1. The report provides the following:
- a schedule of work detailing the list of feedstocks to be sampled;
- the type, number and source of samples to be collected;
- a plan for gathering the samples? provenance data;
- a planned schedule of laboratory preparation and testing to be carried out;
- a clear plan for delivering the ETI project objectives.
- rationale for choices made
- list of laboratory tests to be performed
- list of provenance data collected
- sample site locations
Author(s): McKay, H., Hogan, G. and Croxton, S
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. This deliverable is provided under the second phase (2016/17) of the Characterisation of Feedstocks Project. This report is a summary of the findings from the whole project, it complements the Final Reports from the first and second phases (D6 and D12) and is supported by the Excel dataset (D11). Some key findings from the report are:
- inclusion of leaves in biomass should be avoided. An exclusion might be conifer tops where the levels of most elements were sufficiently low to not exceed quality thresholds;
- harvesting time had a marked effect;
- while there were species differences between SRC willow varieties, no variety combined the best ranking in all parameters across all sites;
- there were major changesto Miscanthus quality during storage (decreasing fuel quality);
- for growers of Miscanthus, poplar SRF and spruce SRF, the key influences on many properties, i.e. season and storage, can be manipulated;
- SRC willow growers have a reasonable degree of control over some of the important feedstock characteristics by their choice of variety;
- for poplar SRF and spruce SRF, many properties can be adjusted by choice of plant part to market, and harvest time
- feedstock properties were relatively insensitive to the way spruce SRF as grown.
Author(s): McKay, H., Croxton, S., Hogan, G., Wall, M., Weatherstone, S., Connolly, T., Quick, W. and Forster, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This slide set was presented by the Forest Research led team, covering the findings from the whole of the Characterisation of Feedstocks Project. This project provides a wealth of robust information and many consistent high-level findings to inform biomass growers and end-users. The findings have challenged some widely held views, reinforced others and hinted at some intriguing differences that may be worth further study.
It was not possible to derive simple guidance for biomass growers because of the differences in the behaviour of the individual feedstock characteristics. For any one year and site, the net effect of these changes is difficult to predict.
If there was sufficient premium for crop quality, a monitoring programme, which could focus on the most important parameters for the end - use in mind, could be considered.
It was not possible to derive simple guidance for biomass growers because of the differences in the behaviour of the individual feedstock characteristics. For any one year and site, the net effect of these changes is difficult to predict.
If there was sufficient premium for crop quality, a monitoring programme, which could focus on the most important parameters for the end - use in mind, could be considered.
Author(s): McKay, H., Croxton, S., Hogan, G., Wall, M., Weatherstone, S., Connolly, T., Quick, W. and Forster, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
Author(s): ETI
Published: 2014
Publisher: ETI
The primary objective of this 2015/16/17 Project was to provide an understanding of UK produced biomass properties, how these vary and what causes this variability. The successful Respondent was to sample several types of UK produced biomass, including as a minimum Miscanthus, Short Rotation Forestry and Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) Willow, produced under varying conditions and have the samples tested to an agreed schedule in an accredited laboratory. The results were to be analysed against the planting, growing, harvesting and storage conditions (i.e. the provenance) to understand what impacts different production and storage methods might have on the biomass properties
Author(s): Wynn, S., Alves, L. and Carter, R.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
This report is an addition to the original RELB scope. It’s aim is to provide an indication of the land potentially available for future bioenergy crop cultivation. This report identifies 1.0-1.8 Mha of land potentially available for conversion to bioenergy, of which the two largest contributors are utilising the area of surplus arable crops (314,000-494,000 ha) and improved utilisation of grassland (350,000-700,000 ha). The range in values represents the uncertainty around figures, with the lower value representing a more conservative view of the potential area that could become available, whilst the higher area represents the potential area available for conversion if the market drivers are sufficient to convert all identified available land to bioenergy production. The report categorises potential areas based on whether they could be made available in the short, medium or longterm
Author(s): Wynn, S., Carter, R., Turner, C. and Huxley, C.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
This deliverable is an addition to the original RELB scope. The aim for this second additional piece of work was to identify the jobs impact that increasing UK bioenergy production to 1.2Mha by 2055 could bring. The report found that, due to the seasonal nature of bioenergy crop planting, management and harvesting, the majority of job opportunities will be part-time, but are complimentary to the seasonal demands of other roles in the agricultural and forestry sectors, particularly arable farming. However, the UK is not currently in a position to deliver the required planting rate of 30 kha/yr – the total planted area of Miscanthus and SRC Willow has remained at around 10 kha in recent years with a limited number of players in the market. Investment is needed in the production of plant breeding materials, including research into new establishment techniques to reduce costs. Investment is also needed in training and specialised equipment for planting and harvesting
Author(s): Wynn, S., Elliott, J., Wilson, L., Hockridge, B., Brunton, S., Taylor, R., Konopka, P., Slade, R., Lindegaard, K. and Richardson, W.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
This is the shorter PowerPoint version of the final report from the RELB Project. This D10 presentation highlights the findings from the RELB work packages:
- Review of existing studies – a review of past estimates in the literature of land availability for new perennial energy crops and new Short Rotation Forestry production in the UK and Europe;
- Desk and Field studies – report of and findings from the validation exercises carried out;
- Mini case studies – individual reports on the three 50x50 km cells assessed in the field study;
- Opportunities and barriers – report of desk study undertaken to understand why bioenergy crop production does not currently utilise the ‘available’ land and to identify opportunities to increase planting;
- Final summary and conclusions
Author(s): Wynn, S., Elliott, J., Wilson, L., Hockridge, B., Brunton, S., Taylor, R., Konopka, P., Slade, R., Lindegaard, K. and Richardson, W.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
This is the final report from the RELB Project. This report includes updated version of previously submitted intermediate deliverables (D1, D2, D4, D5 report and D6). This D9 report details the findings from the RELB work packages:
- Review of existing studies – a review of past estimates in the literature of land availability for new perennial energy crops and new Short Rotation Forestry production in the UK and Europe;
- Desk and Field studies – report of and findings from the validation exercises carried out;
- Mini case studies – individual reports on the three 50x50 km cells assessed in the field study;
- Opportunities and barriers – report of desk study undertaken to understand why bioenergy crop production does not currently utilise the ‘available’ land and to identify opportunities to increase planting;
- Final summary and conclusions
Author(s): Wynn, S., Carter, R., Turner, C., and Huxley, C.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
ETI analysis suggests that the UK needs to plant 30 kha/yr of bioenergy crops and Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) until the mid-2050’s to deliver the required level of feedstock to meet the UK’s 2050 greenhouse gas targets cost-effectively. Of the area of bioenergy crops planted, this study assumes that 50% of the area will be SRF, 25% SRC and 25% Miscanthus. The significant increase in bioenergy crop area planted will require an increase in the number of people employed in the bioenergy crop sector from current levels, as well as an increase in the supply chain (market for end products, machinery available for planting/harvesting etc.) to support this increased area. This work focused on identifying, and quantifying the types of jobs required to support a UK bioenergy sector, understanding what skills are needed, where the current skills gaps are, whether there are any barriers to job development, and identifying the timescales of jobs / skills development needed to meet ETI’s targets. The scope of the work covers the UK and considers job creation in relation to the production of SRF, SRC and Miscanthus, with additional implications for achieving the UK Afforestation targets also considered. Job creation up to the point of first processing is included e.g. transport off farm, but any jobs after that initial journey off farm, e.g. processing, are not included. Ancillary jobs (such as administration roles, finance and marketing within companies in the bioenergy feedstock sector) are also excluded
Author(s): Wilson, L. and Hockridge, B.
Published: 2015
Publisher: ETI
Author(s): Wynn, S., Alves, L. and Carter, R.
Published: 2016
Publisher: ETI
This report has identified that between 1.0-1.8 Mha of land is potentially available for conversion to bioenergy, of which the two largest contributors are by utilizing the surplus area of arable crops by sending surplus production for first generation (1G) bioenergy processing as demand dictates (314,000-494,000 ha) and improved utilization of grassland (350,000-700,000 ha). The range in values represents the uncertainty around figures, with the lower value representing the most likely land area to be converted, whilst the higher area represents the potential area available for conversion if the market drivers are sufficient to convert all identified spared land to bioenergy production.
Author(s): Evans, G.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
Gasification with integrated syngas clean-up to remove undesirable components can be used to produce an “ultra-clean” syngas suitable for use in demanding and efficient applications including reciprocating engines, gas turbines, chemical synthesis processes (for example, to produce hydrogen, fuels or chemicals) and/or biological synthesis processes. It offers a number of benefits including:
- flexible in feedstock and outputs (heat, power, liquid and gaseous fuels, and chemicals)
- high efficiencies scalable to suit applications in typical UK towns and small cities, in particular at the sub 10 MWe scale
- ability to be combined with CCS to create “negative emissions” which ETI anticipates will be needed to deliver a cost-effective 2050 low carbon energy system
Author(s): Evans, G.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
ETI’s Programme Manager Geraint Evans presents “Targeting new and cleaner uses for wastes and biomass using gasification” as part of a webinar for IChemE. The presentation covers
- Energy Technologies Institute•Value of bioenergy–Wastes
- We can already use combustion to get energy from waste - why do we need something different and why gasification?
- What is gasification and why is ultra-clean syngas important?
- What is the current UK gasification project landscape?
- The ETI’s project work
Author(s): Taylor, R., Westerbeeke, H., German, L., Bauen, A., Brownbridge, G., Bhave, A., Bianco, N., Wong, R., Lawal, A., Shah, N., Martinez, L., Eastwood, M., Hughes, K. and Pourkashanian, M.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The techno-economic project will provide a greater understanding of the options available to modify or improve the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of UK-derived 2nd generation energy biomass feedstocks, that may otherwise reduce the cost-effective performance of conversion technologies
This report (Deliverable 6) presents prioritised recommendations for further research into pre-processing technologies following the analysis of ten supply chains, two of which generate heat, and eight generating power to compare their costs, efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions with and without pre-processing. These are compared in groups according to their shared conversion technology, and all the chains are able to use a blend of Miscanthus and woody feedstocks (from 0-100%). Every chain is described in the gPROMS model by a set of 200+ input parameters, each with a base case value and a minimum to maximum range.
The final recommendations are
This report (Deliverable 6) presents prioritised recommendations for further research into pre-processing technologies following the analysis of ten supply chains, two of which generate heat, and eight generating power to compare their costs, efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions with and without pre-processing. These are compared in groups according to their shared conversion technology, and all the chains are able to use a blend of Miscanthus and woody feedstocks (from 0-100%). Every chain is described in the gPROMS model by a set of 200+ input parameters, each with a base case value and a minimum to maximum range.
The final recommendations are
- High Priority
- Conversion technologyinnovation improvements, especially CAPEX and efficiencies,result in dramatic chain improvements, and are worth exploring further as these will be required to increase the competitiveness of all of the TEABPP chains.
- Medium-High Priority
- Torrefaction+pelleting plants should focus on increasing product LHV, optimising with energy crop/SRF feedstocks, and reducing electricity use.
- Medium Priority
- Chemical washingplants, if developed, should focus on reducing output nitrogen content and lowering chemicaluseand GHG emissions, plussafely dealing with waste water disposal.
- Water washingplants should focus on optimisation with forestrythen perennial energy cropfeedstocks, and compliance with combustion and gasification plant feedstock limits and non-GHG emissions limits
- Pyrolysis plants should focus on significantlyimproving bio-oil yields when usinghigher-ash energy crop/SRF feedstocks, and overall plant thermal integration.
Author(s): Taylor, R., Konopka, P., Howes, J., Bauen, A., Eastwood, M., Martinez, L., Milne, T., Shah, N., MacDowell, N., Fennell, Pl, Huges, K., Pourkashanian, M. and Jones, J.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
This techno-economic project will provide a greater understanding of the options available to modify or improve the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of UK-derived 2nd generation energy biomass feedstocks, that may otherwise reduce the cost-effective performance of conversion technologies.
This report assesses the current techno-economic status of biomass pre-processing, combustion and gasification technologies used to transform forestry and perennial energy crop feedstocks into heat, power and syngas. The report uses a common review framework to assess all technologies, including technology descriptions, status, impacts of feedstock choice and options for improvement.
This report assesses the current techno-economic status of biomass pre-processing, combustion and gasification technologies used to transform forestry and perennial energy crop feedstocks into heat, power and syngas. The report uses a common review framework to assess all technologies, including technology descriptions, status, impacts of feedstock choice and options for improvement.
- Conversion technologies
- combustion
- underfed Stoker
- Moving Bed
- Bubbling Fluidised Bed
- Circulating Fluidised Bed
- Dust Suspension
- Gasification
- Updraft Gasifiers
- Downdraft Gasifiers
- Bubbling Fluidised Bed Gasifiers
- Circulating Fluidised Bed Gasifiers
- Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifiers
- Entrained Flow Gasification
- Syngas Boiler
- Syngas engine/CHP
- Syngas CCGT
- Pre-processing Technologies
- Water washing & Chemical washing
- Forced Drying
- Briquetting
- Screening
- Chipping
- Pelleting
- Pyrolysis
- Torrefaction
- Steam Explosion
- Ammonia Fibre Expansion
- Technologies with lower Technology Readiness Levels
- Technologies with higher Technology Readiness Levels
- Summary of TRLs
Author(s): Taylor, R., Howes, J., Shah, N., Eastwood, M. and Hughes, K.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The techno-economic project will provide a greater understanding of the options available to modify or improve the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of UK-derived 2nd generation energy biomass feedstocks, that may otherwise reduce the cost-effective performance of conversion technologies
This report details the selection process for the modelling phase of the TEAB project, focusing on the downselecting of ten clearly defined case studies, from amongst the thousands of possible chain choices considered within the Deliverable 2 (D2) Excel tool. These 10 case studies are grouped in to twos or threes to compare the costs, efficiencies and GHG emissions of biomass supply chains “with” and “without” significant preprocessing. This Deliverable 3 (D3) report is a summary of the chain prioritisation process, containing:-
This report details the selection process for the modelling phase of the TEAB project, focusing on the downselecting of ten clearly defined case studies, from amongst the thousands of possible chain choices considered within the Deliverable 2 (D2) Excel tool. These 10 case studies are grouped in to twos or threes to compare the costs, efficiencies and GHG emissions of biomass supply chains “with” and “without” significant preprocessing. This Deliverable 3 (D3) report is a summary of the chain prioritisation process, containing:-
- The agreedselection criteria used;
- A write-up of the down-selection workshop discussions and decisions held;
- The further data collected and improvements made to the D2 tool; and
- Justification for the selection of the final 10 case studies– based on an assessment rating the chains against the selectioncriteria, highlighting particular strengths or weaknesses, and where particular criteria exclude groups of chains or chains containing particular components.
- Heat
- Underfed combustion
- Natural drying+ screening
- Water washing
- Underfed combustion
- Power
- BFB gasifier
- Natural drying+ screening
- Water wash + pelleting
- CFB combustion
- Natural drying+ screening
- Pelleting
- Chemical
- wash + pelleting
- EF gasifier + CCGT
- Pelleting
- Torrefaction+ pelleting
- Pyrolysis
- BFB gasifier
Author(s): Taylor, R., Bauen, A., Robson, P., Eastwood, M., Webb, A., Martinez, L., Milne, T. and Shah, N.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
e techno-economic project will provide a greater understanding of the options available to modify or improve the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of UK-derived 2nd generation energy biomass feedstocks, that may otherwise reduce the cost-effective performance of conversion technologies
This Deliverable 1a report exists as a standalone document, which can be read alongside the “Deliverable 1 - Review and benchmarking report” within the ETI’s Techno-Economic Assessment of Biomass Pre-Processing (TEABPP) study. The original report ‘D1’ excluded technologies below 200kWth input; hence this report ‘D1a’ is focused on the state-of-the-art, techno-economics and real-world issues faced by these small-scale combustion technologies. In this report, the technologies typically used for combustion of biomass have been separated into three types (although some plant designs exist that incorporate multiple technologies). Based on the fuel feeding methods and the operation of the fuel bed, the main technologies are as follows:
This Deliverable 1a report exists as a standalone document, which can be read alongside the “Deliverable 1 - Review and benchmarking report” within the ETI’s Techno-Economic Assessment of Biomass Pre-Processing (TEABPP) study. The original report ‘D1’ excluded technologies below 200kWth input; hence this report ‘D1a’ is focused on the state-of-the-art, techno-economics and real-world issues faced by these small-scale combustion technologies. In this report, the technologies typically used for combustion of biomass have been separated into three types (although some plant designs exist that incorporate multiple technologies). Based on the fuel feeding methods and the operation of the fuel bed, the main technologies are as follows:
- a manually-fed boiler,
- an automatically-fed boiler with a fixed combustion bed, and
- an automatically-fed boiler with a moving combustion bed.
Author(s): ETI
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
The techno-economic project will provide a greater understanding of the options available to modify or improve the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of UK-derived 2nd generation energy biomass feedstocks, that may otherwise reduce the cost-effective performance of conversion technologies
This is the request for proposals.
This is the request for proposals.
Author(s): Winstanley, P.
Published: 2017
Publisher: ETI
ETI’s Project Manager Paul Winstanley presents “Waste gasification with syngas clean up - reaching commercial demonstration and future prospects in the wider bioenergy sector” at Aston University
The presentation covers:
The presentation covers:
- Who are ETI
- Why is Bioenergy Important
- Why Waste as a feedstock
- Why Gasification
- What is the ETI doing to enable commercialisation of gasification
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