Results: Searching for 'Power '

The project aims to improve the understanding of the opportunity for and implications of moving to more integrated multi vector energy networks in the future. Future energy systems could use infrastructure very differently to how they are employed today. Several individual energy vectors - electricity, gas and hydrogen - are capable of delivering multiple services and there are other services that can be met or delivered by more than one vector or network.

This document is submitted as Deliverable 2.1 under the ETI’s Multi-vector Integration Project

The material is adapted from the presentation provided to the project steering group at the WP2 Case Study definitions workshop held in London on August 2nd 2016

The main objectives of this workshop were to:

• For each case, agree the system configurations of multi-vector (MV) and single-vector (SV) instances
• Discuss the degrees of freedom available in each case that can be used to optimise the MV and SV configurations
• Agree the expected outputs from the modelling that will be used to calculate the multi-vector case benefit
• Discuss the inputs required for each case and for the “global scenarios” and the data sources tobe used
• Agree the exogenous parameters of interest for each MV solution model

The shortlist was: -

1. Domestic scale heat pumps and peak gas boilers.
2. Gas CHP and Heat Pumps supplying district heating and individual building heating loads.
3. PHEV switching fuel demand from electricity to petrol or diesel.
4. RES to H₂/RES to CH₄
5. RES to DH and Distributed Smart Heating (“virtual” DH networks)
6. Anaerobic Digestion/Gasification to CHP or grid injection

CREDS research into this area aims to conceptualise the introduction of flexible technologies, new pricing regimes and the transformation of social-temporal orders within a single frame. In our response we outline new opportunities in terms of non-DSO flexibility services, including the implications of introducing 'core capacity' and interfaces that allow non-DSO flexibility markets to flourish and describe how differing DER types should be subject to different baselining methodologies as opposed to a simple one-size fits all approach. In the context of residential flexibility, we generally agree with the position that engaging residential flexibility is critical. Further research linking the timing of activities to electricity demand will be key to any intervention aimed at increasing residential flexibility.

CREDS was established in 2018 with a vision to make the UK a leader in understanding the changes in energy demand needed for the transition to a secure and affordable zero-carbon energy system. Working with researchers, businesses and policymakers, our work addresses a broad range of energy demand issues. CREDS is funded by UKRI. CREDS responds to consultations and calls for evidence from government, agencies and businesses, providing insight and expertise to decision-makers.

The Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) has engaged PPA Energy to provide consultancy support to gain insight into the operational expenditure (opex) of energy networks, including four energy vectors; electricity, gas, heat and hydrogen. This project builds on a previous project undertaken by PPA Energy, ‘Opex Framework for Energy Infrastructure’, in which an understanding of the opex costs associated with the energy infrastructure was developed. The intention of this project is to understand and document the factors which affect, or may affect, the opex costs of an energy network, and to investigate how these might be modelled. Specifically, this project concentrates on the components of network opex that are directly related to the network assets themselves, knownwithin this report as ‘Network Related Opex’, which includes direct opex, closely associated indirect opex, and the components of pass through opex that are considered to be related to the network assets themselves, but does not include depreciation or business support costs

No abstract available

With increasing utilisation of renewable energy sources there are many cases where the ability to site generation within easy reach of demand becomes more limited. In these situations, how the energy is moved from where it is generated to where it is needed becomes a more critical aspect of the overall energy system. More remote locations are more costly to connect to transmission lines, be they electricity networks or pipelines. At the same time the intermittency of renewable energy sources places a greater emphasis on the use of energy storage to balance the different variations in supply and demand over time. Transporting stored energy is one possible way to address both of these concerns simultaneously.

In deciding whether to support the development of transportable energy storage technologies, the ETI needed access to a thoughtful and factual analysis that considers allthe relevant factors and identifies where transportable energy storage is most likely to be beneficial and what cost and performance targets would need to be met to justify the development of potential technologies to deliver transmission scale transportable storage.

Three sources of generation were considered within this project:

• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) generated in the Sahara to be imported to theUK;
• Wind energy generated in the Outer Hebrides to be imported to the UK; and
• Wind energy generated in the Orkney Islands to be exported to Norway

Key findings of the study are:

• Electricity transmission represents the least cost solution if electrical energy is required at the demand site
• Chemical energy carriers do however compare favourably with electricity transmission where they can be used directly

With increasing utilisation of renewable energy sources there are many cases where the ability to site generation within easy reach of demand becomes more limited. In these situations, how the energy is moved from where it is generated to where it is needed becomes a more critical aspect of the overall energy system. More remote locations are more costly to connect to transmission lines, be they electricity networks or pipelines. At the same time the intermittency of renewable energy sources places a greater emphasis on the use of energy storage to balance the different variations in supply and demand over time. Transporting stored energy is one possible way to address both of these concerns simultaneously.

Key findings of the study are:

• Electricity transmission represents the least cost solution if electrical energy isrequired at the demand site
• Chemical energy carriers do however compare favourably with electricitytransmission where they can be used directly
• The use of electro-chemical energy storage media (i.e. a Zinc-Air Battery/shipconcept) is unlikely to represent an economically viable concept as the cost ofelectricity delivered is over six times that of the baseline transmission option

No abstract available